如何給長毛兔采毛？

How to pluck hair from a long haired rabbit?

　　采毛是長毛兔飼養過程中的成果收獲，合理的采毛方法不僅可促進兔毛生長，而且可明顯提高兔毛質量。

Hair picking is a result of the breeding process of long haired rabbits. Reasonable hair picking methods can not only promote the growth of rabbit hair, but also significantly improve the quality of rabbit hair.

　　1．梳毛梳毛的目的是防止兔毛纏結，提高兔毛質量，也是一種積少成多收集兔毛的方法。

1. The purpose of combing is to prevent rabbit hair from getting tangled, improve the quality of rabbit hair, and is also a method of collecting rabbit hair by accumulating small amounts.

　　（1）梳毛次數梳毛是養好長毛兔的一項經常性管理工作。一般仔兔斷奶后即應開始梳毛，此后每隔10～15天梳理1次。凡被毛稀疏、排列松散、凌亂的個體容易結塊，需經常梳理；被毛密度大、毛叢結構明顯，排列緊密的個體被毛不易纏結，梳毛次數可適當減少。所以，飼養良種長毛兔，增加被毛密度，是防止兔毛纏結、減少梳毛次數的有力措施。

(1) Combing frequency is a regular management task for raising long haired rabbits. After weaning, young rabbits should start combing their hair, and then comb every 10-15 days. Individuals with sparse, loosely arranged, and disorderly fur are prone to clumping and require frequent grooming; Individuals with high hair density and a clear structure of hair clusters are less prone to tangled hair, and the frequency of combing can be appropriately reduced. Therefore, raising high-quality long haired rabbits and increasing the density of their fur is a powerful measure to prevent tangled rabbit hair and reduce the frequency of grooming.

　　（2）梳毛方法梳毛一般采用金屬梳或木梳。梳毛順序是先頸后及兩肩，再梳背部、體側、臀部、尾部及后肢，然后提起頸部皮膚梳理前胸、腹部、大腿兩側，非常后整理額、頰及耳毛。遇到結塊毛時，可先用手指慢慢撕開后再梳理，如果確難撕開時，即可剪除結塊毛。

(2) The combing method generally uses metal or wood combs to comb hair. The combing sequence is to first comb the neck and then the shoulders, then comb the back, body side, buttocks, tail, and hind limbs, then lift the skin of the neck to comb the chest, abdomen, and thighs on both sides, and finally sort the hair on the forehead, cheeks, and ears. When encountering clumped hair, you can slowly tear it open with your fingers before combing it out. If it is difficult to tear it open, you can cut off the clumped hair.

　　（3）注意事項梳毛是一項細致而費時的工作，非常是被毛稀疏、容易結塊的長毛兔應堅持定期梳毛。長毛兔的皮膚較薄，尤其是靠近尾根周圍的皮膚更薄，要防止撕裂皮膚。梳毛時應由上而下，右手持梳自順毛方向插入，朝逆毛方向托起梳子。

(3) Notes: Combing hair is a meticulous and time-consuming task, especially for long haired rabbits with sparse fur and easy clumping. Regular combing should be maintained. The skin of long haired rabbits is thinner, especially around the tail root, to prevent tearing of the skin. When combing hair, it should be done from top to bottom, with the right hand holding the comb and inserting it in the direction of the hair, and lifting the comb in the direction of the hair.

　　2．剪毛剪毛是采毛的主要方法。對于新養長毛兔的戶，可以找有經驗的養兔戶或者技術熟練、剪毛工具新潮的“代客剪毛站”，專人剪毛。

2. Scissoring is the main method of picking hair. For households that have newly raised long haired rabbits, they can find experienced rabbit owners or skilled and trendy "proxy shearing stations" with dedicated personnel for shearing.

　　（1）剪毛次數以年剪毛4～5次為宜。根據兔毛生長規律，養毛期為90天者可獲得特級毛，70～80天者可獲得一級毛，60天者可獲得二級毛。為滿足長毛兔喜歡冬暖夏涼的習性，年剪5次的剪毛時間可分別安排在3月上旬（養毛期80天）、5月中旬（養毛期70天）、7月下旬（養毛期60天）、10月上旬（養毛期80天）和12月中旬（養毛期70天）。

(1) The recommended frequency of shearing is 4-5 times per year. According to the growth pattern of rabbit hair, those who have been raised for 90 days can obtain special grade hair, those who have been raised for 70-80 days can obtain first grade hair, and those who have been raised for 60 days can obtain second grade hair. To meet the habit of long haired rabbits that prefer warm winters and cool summers, the shearing time of 5 times a year can be arranged in early March (80 days for raising wool), mid May (70 days for raising wool), late July (60 days for raising wool), early October (80 days for raising wool), and mid December (70 days for raising wool).

　　（2）剪毛方法剪毛一般采用專用剪毛剪，也可用理發剪或裁衣剪．技術熟練的剪毛員，每5～10分鐘可剪完1只兔子。剪毛順序為背部中線一體側一臀部一頸部一頜下一腹部一四肢一頭部。將剪下的兔毛應按長度、色澤及優劣程度分別裝箱，毛絲方向非常好一致。

(2) The shearing method generally uses specialized shearing scissors, which can also be used as hair clippers or clothing clippers. A skilled shearing worker can cut one rabbit every 5-10 minutes. The order of shearing is the midline of the back, one side, one buttocks, one neck, one jaw, one abdomen, four limbs, and one head. The cut rabbit hair should be packed separately according to length, color, and quality, and the direction of the hair should be consistent.

　　（3）注意事項

(3) Precautions

　　第一，剪毛時剪子應貼緊皮膚，切忌提起兔毛剪，非常是皮膚皺褶處，以免剪破凸起的皮膚。

Firstly, when shearing, the scissors should be tightly attached to the skin and avoid lifting the rabbit hair scissors, especially at the wrinkles of the skin, to avoid cutting through the protruding skin.

　　第二，防剪二刀毛（重剪毛）。如一刀剪下后留茬過高，不可修剪，以免因短毛而影響兔毛質量。

Secondly, prevent double shearing (heavy shearing). If the stubble is too high after being cut with one knife, it should not be trimmed to avoid affecting the quality of rabbit hair due to short hair.

　　第三，剪腹部毛時要非常注意，切不可剪破母兔的乳頭和公兔的陰囊，接近分娩母兔可暫不剪胸毛和腹毛。

Thirdly, special attention should be paid when cutting abdominal hair, and the nipples of the mother rabbit and the scrotum of the male rabbit should not be cut. Chest and abdominal hair should not be cut temporarily when approaching the mother rabbit during childbirth.

　　第四，剪毛宜選擇在晴天、無風時進行，非常是冬季剪毛后要注意防寒保溫，兔籠內應鋪墊干草，以防感冒。

Fourthly, shearing should be done on sunny and windless days, especially in winter. After shearing, attention should be paid to cold and insulation, and hay should be laid inside the rabbit cage to prevent catching a cold.

　　第五，患有疥癬、霉菌病及其他傳染病的兔子，應單獨剪毛，工具專用，防止疾病傳播。凡有剪破皮膚者應用碘酊消毒，以防細菌感染。

Fifthly, rabbits suffering from scabies, mycosis, and other infectious diseases should be sheared separately with specialized tools to prevent the spread of the disease. Anyone with cut skin should be disinfected with iodine tincture to prevent bacterial infection.

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